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open() function is used to open a file and return a file object, which can then be used to read, write, or manipulate the contents of the file. The open() function allows you to specify different file access modes to control how the file is opened. yield keyword is used to define a generator. A generator is a special type of iterator that allows you to iterate over a sequence of values, but unlike a regular function that returns a single value, a generator function can yield multiple values, one at a time. It provides a way to generate values on the fly, which makes it particularly useful for working with large datasets or streams of data where you don't want to hold all the values in memory at once.