Top HTML Interview Questions and Answers (2024)

author image Hirely
at 06 Jan, 2025
  • Software Development
  • Questions

    • Question: What is HTML?

    Answer:

    HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard markup language used to create and design webpages on the internet. It forms the backbone of most websites, providing the structure and content of a web page.

    Key Features of HTML:

    1. Markup Language:

      • HTML is not a programming language; it’s a markup language used for structuring content on the web.
      • It uses tags (also known as elements) to describe the structure of content such as headings, paragraphs, links, images, and other media.

    2. Elements & Tags:

      • HTML elements are made up of opening and closing tags.
      • For example, <h1>This is a Heading</h1> – here <h1> is the opening tag, and </h1> is the closing tag.
      • Some elements are self-closing, such as <img /> for images or <br /> for line breaks.

    3. Document Structure:

      • An HTML document typically consists of the following structure:
        • <!DOCTYPE html>: Declares the document type and version of HTML.
        • <html>: The root element that wraps all the content.
        • <head>: Contains meta-information about the page (like title, charset, links to CSS files, etc.).
        • <body>: Contains the visible content of the webpage (such as text, images, links, etc.).

    4. Attributes:

      • HTML elements can have attributes that provide additional information about an element.
      • Common attributes include id, class, src (for images), href (for links), and many others.
      • Example: <img src="image.jpg" alt="An example image" />.

    Basic Structure of an HTML Document:

    <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>My Web Page</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>Welcome to My Website</h1>
    <p>This is a paragraph of text.</p>
    <a href="https://www.example.com">Click here</a> to visit another website.
  </body>
</html>

    Core HTML Elements:

    1. Headings (<h1> to <h6>):

      • Used to define headings of different levels.
      • <h1> is the highest level heading, while <h6> is the smallest.

    2. Paragraph (<p>):

      • Defines a block of text.

    3. Links (<a>):

      • Used to create hyperlinks that link to other webpages or resources.
      • Example: <a href="https://www.example.com">Visit Example</a>

    4. Images (<img>):

      • Used to display images on a webpage.
      • Example: <img src="image.jpg" alt="Image description" />

    5. Lists (<ul>, <ol>, <li>):

      • <ul> creates an unordered (bulleted) list, while <ol> creates an ordered (numbered) list. Each item in the list is placed within an <li> tag.

    6. Forms (<form>, <input>, <button>, etc.):

      • Used for creating interactive elements like input fields, buttons, and submission forms.
      • Example: 
        <form action="/submit">
  <input type="text" name="name" placeholder="Enter your name">
  <button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>

    7. Tables (<table>, <tr>, <td>, <th>):

      • Used to create tables with rows and columns.
      • Example: 
        <table>
  <tr>
    <th>Header 1</th>
    <th>Header 2</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Data 1</td>
    <td>Data 2</td>
  </tr>
</table>

    HTML Versions:

    • HTML5: The latest version, with support for new elements (like <article>, <section>, <header>, and <footer>) and APIs (like geolocation, local storage, etc.).
    • HTML4: An older version, but still widely used.

    Why HTML is Important:

    • Foundation of the Web: HTML is essential for creating the structure of websites, making it the core technology along with CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) and JavaScript.
    • Search Engine Optimization (SEO): Proper use of HTML helps search engines understand the content of your site, improving rankings.
    • Accessibility: Properly structured HTML makes websites more accessible to people with disabilities (e.g., screen readers).

    Conclusion:

    HTML is the fundamental language for web development, used to structure content on webpages. It is simple to learn and is often used in combination with CSS for styling and JavaScript for interactivity. Every web page on the internet relies on HTML in some capacity.

    Question: What are HTML tags?

    Answer:

    HTML tags are the fundamental building blocks of an HTML document. They are used to define and structure content in a webpage. Tags are written using angle brackets (< >) and typically come in pairs: an opening tag and a closing tag. The content or text that you want to display or structure goes between these tags.

    Key Points About HTML Tags:

    1. Basic Structure:

      • Opening Tag: This is the start of an HTML element, enclosed in angle brackets.
      • Closing Tag: This marks the end of an element and is similar to the opening tag but includes a forward slash (/) before the tag name.
      • Example: 
        <p>This is a paragraph.</p>
        • <p> is the opening tag.
        • </p> is the closing tag.

    2. Empty Tags (Self-Closing Tags):

      • Some HTML elements do not have content or require closing tags. These are called self-closing tags or void elements. These tags only have the opening part, and they automatically close.
      • Example: <img />, <br />, <input />.

    3. Attributes in Tags:

      • HTML tags can have attributes, which provide additional information about the element.
      • Attributes are specified within the opening tag and consist of a name and a value.
      • Example: 
        <img src="image.jpg" alt="A description of the image">
        • src and alt are attributes of the <img> tag.

    Common HTML Tags:

    1. Structure Tags:

      • <html>: The root element that wraps the entire HTML document.
      • <head>: Contains metadata, links to external resources (like CSS), and the title.
      • <body>: Contains the visible content of the webpage.

    2. Text Formatting Tags:

      • <h1> to <h6>: Headings (h1 being the largest and h6 the smallest).
      • <p>: Paragraph.
      • <strong>: Defines important text, typically bold.
      • <em>: Defines emphasized text, typically italic.

    3. Links and Images:

      • <a>: Anchor tag used to create hyperlinks.
      • <img>: Displays images.

    4. Lists:

      • <ul>: Unordered list (bulleted list).
      • <ol>: Ordered list (numbered list).
      • <li>: List item, used within <ul> or <ol>.

    5. Forms:

      • <form>: Defines an HTML form for user input.
      • <input>: Defines an input field where users can enter data.
      • <textarea>: Defines a multiline text input.
      • <button>: Defines a clickable button.

    6. Media Tags:

      • <audio>: Embeds audio content.
      • <video>: Embeds video content.

    7. Table Tags:

      • <table>: Defines a table.
      • <tr>: Table row.
      • <td>: Table data (cell).
      • <th>: Table header cell.

    8. Block-Level vs Inline Tags:

      • Block-level tags: Elements that take up the full width available (e.g., <div>, <p>, <h1>).
      • Inline tags: Elements that do not take up the full width (e.g., <a>, <span>, <img>).

    Example of HTML Tags in Action:

    <!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>HTML Tags Example</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>Welcome to My Website</h1>
    <p>This is a simple example to demonstrate HTML tags.</p>
    <a href="https://www.example.com">Click here to visit Example</a>
    <ul>
      <li>Item 1</li>
      <li>Item 2</li>
      <li>Item 3</li>
    </ul>
    <img src="image.jpg" alt="A sample image">
  </body>
</html>

    Conclusion:

    HTML tags are essential for structuring and displaying content on the web. They define elements and apply styles or behaviors to content. By combining various HTML tags, web developers can create rich, interactive, and well-structured web pages.

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