Most Frequently asked asp.net-core Interview Questions (2024)

Question: Explain how you can manage application settings in ASP.NET Core.

Answer:

In ASP.NET Core, managing application settings involves configuring, storing, and accessing different types of settings that the application requires, such as connection strings, API keys, or feature toggles. ASP.NET Core provides a flexible configuration system that allows developers to manage these settings from multiple sources, and it integrates easily with Dependency Injection (DI) to ensure settings can be injected into components of the application.

Here’s an overview of how to manage application settings in ASP.NET Core:

---

1. Storing Application Settings

ASP.NET Core supports multiple configuration sources for storing application settings. The most commonly used sources include:

a. appsettings.json

• This is the primary configuration file where settings such as connection strings, application-specific configurations, and feature flags are typically stored.
• It is a JSON-based file that can hold various configuration key-value pairs.

Example:

// appsettings.json
{
  "AppSettings": {
    "SiteTitle": "My Application",
    "MaxItems": 100
  },
  "ConnectionStrings": {
    "DefaultConnection": "Server=myserver;Database=mydb;User Id=myuser;Password=mypassword"
  }
}

b. appsettings.{Environment}.json

• These are environment-specific configuration files. For example, you could have appsettings.Development.json and appsettings.Production.json to store different settings based on the environment.
• This allows you to keep development, staging, and production settings separate.

c. Environment Variables

• For sensitive information or settings that vary across environments (like connection strings or API keys), using environment variables is recommended.
• This is particularly useful in containerized or cloud environments.

d. Command-Line Arguments

• Command-line arguments allow you to override configuration values when starting the application, making it easy to set values at runtime.

e. User Secrets (Development Only)

• For storing sensitive data such as API keys during development, you can use user secrets, which securely store settings outside of the project directory (e.g., in the user’s local machine).
• User secrets are intended for local development only and should not be used in production.

f. Azure Key Vault

• For securely managing sensitive settings in production, ASP.NET Core can integrate with Azure Key Vault to store things like connection strings and API keys.

---

2. Accessing Application Settings

ASP.NET Core uses the IConfiguration interface to access application settings, and it provides a centralized, hierarchical way to manage configuration.

Example of Accessing Configuration:

1. In Startup.cs / Program.cs:
   During application startup, ASP.NET Core automatically loads settings from the appsettings.json and other configuration sources into the IConfiguration object.

   Example in Program.cs:

   var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
   
   // Load configuration from appsettings.json and environment variables
   builder.Configuration.AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", optional: false, reloadOnChange: true)
                         .AddEnvironmentVariables();
   
   var app = builder.Build();

2. Injecting Configuration into Services: In ConfigureServices, you can inject IConfiguration into your services to access settings.

   public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
   {
       // Access the configuration directly
       var siteTitle = Configuration["AppSettings:SiteTitle"];
       services.AddSingleton<ISomeService>(new SomeService(siteTitle));
   }

3. Binding Configuration to POCO Objects: ASP.NET Core allows you to bind configuration values to Plain Old CLR Objects (POCOs). This is useful when dealing with complex settings.

   Example:

   public class AppSettings
   {
       public string SiteTitle { get; set; }
       public int MaxItems { get; set; }
   }
   
   public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
   {
       // Bind configuration section to POCO object
       services.Configure<AppSettings>(Configuration.GetSection("AppSettings"));
   }

4. Accessing Configurations from Injected Settings: You can access the settings in your controllers or other services by injecting IOptions<T>.

   Example in a controller:

   public class HomeController : Controller
   {
       private readonly IOptions<AppSettings> _appSettings;
   
       public HomeController(IOptions<AppSettings> appSettings)
       {
           _appSettings = appSettings;
       }
   
       public IActionResult Index()
       {
           var siteTitle = _appSettings.Value.SiteTitle;
           return View(model: siteTitle);
       }
   }

---

3. Overriding Settings

In ASP.NET Core, settings from multiple sources are combined, and you can override one source with another based on priority. The priority order is as follows:

1. Command-Line Arguments (Highest Priority)
2. Environment Variables
3. appsettings.{Environment}.json (e.g., appsettings.Production.json)
4. appsettings.json (Lowest Priority)

If the same setting is provided in multiple sources, the one with the highest priority will be used.

Example:

If you set the ConnectionString in appsettings.json and override it with a command-line argument, the command-line value will take precedence:

dotnet MyApp.dll --ConnectionStrings:DefaultConnection "NewConnectionString"

---

4. Managing Settings Based on Environments

ASP.NET Core applications can be run in different environments, such as Development, Staging, or Production. The environment determines which configuration file (e.g., appsettings.Development.json) is used, and you can tailor settings based on the environment.

Setting the Environment:

You can set the environment in several ways:

• By setting the ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT environment variable.

• Through the command line by adding --environment when running the app:

  dotnet MyApp.dll --environment Development

• In Visual Studio, you can set the environment in the project settings.

Example of Environment-Specific Configuration:

• appsettings.Development.json:

  {
    "ConnectionStrings": {
      "DefaultConnection": "DevelopmentConnectionString"
    }
  }

• appsettings.Production.json:

  {
    "ConnectionStrings": {
      "DefaultConnection": "ProductionConnectionString"
    }
  }

---

5. Using AppSettings in Production

In production, it is best practice to:

• Store sensitive information (e.g., API keys, connection strings) in environment variables or Azure Key Vault instead of appsettings.json.
• Ensure you use appsettings.Production.json or environment variables to avoid hardcoding sensitive information.
• Use a combination of configuration sources for better security and flexibility.

---

6. Reloading Configuration Dynamically

ASP.NET Core allows reloading of settings without restarting the application when the configuration file changes, such as appsettings.json. This is done by setting the reloadOnChange parameter to true when adding the configuration source.

Example:

builder.Configuration.AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", optional: false, reloadOnChange: true);

This enables automatic reloading of configuration when the file is modified during runtime.

---

Conclusion:

Managing application settings in ASP.NET Core is straightforward and flexible, allowing you to store and access configuration from a variety of sources like JSON files, environment variables, command-line arguments, and user secrets. You can structure your settings in a way that is environment-specific, secure, and easily accessible through Dependency Injection and configuration binding to POCOs. This flexibility allows you to adapt your application’s configuration to different deployment scenarios (development, production, cloud environments) while keeping it secure and maintainable.

Question: What is the difference between IActionResult and ActionResult in ASP.NET Core MVC?

Answer:

In ASP.NET Core MVC, both IActionResult and ActionResult are used to represent the result of an action method, but there are key differences between the two.

---

1. IActionResult Interface

• Definition: IActionResult is an interface that represents the result of an action method. It defines a contract for action results, meaning any class that implements this interface is considered an action result in ASP.NET Core.

• Purpose: It allows the action method to return different types of results such as ViewResult, RedirectResult, JsonResult, etc., all of which implement IActionResult. It provides flexibility to return a variety of responses based on the outcome of the action.

• Usage: Typically, IActionResult is used in action method signatures to allow the return of different types of results.

Example:

public IActionResult Index()
{
    return View();
}

• Explanation: In this example, Index() is returning a ViewResult, which is an implementation of IActionResult. This method could also return other types of results that implement IActionResult, such as RedirectResult, JsonResult, etc.

---

2. ActionResult Class

• Definition: ActionResult is a concrete class that is a subclass of IActionResult. It provides a generic way to return a result from an action method, and it is designed to work well in most cases.

• Purpose: ActionResult serves as a base class for many commonly used action results in ASP.NET Core, such as ViewResult, RedirectResult, JsonResult, etc. It provides a convenient way to return a response with both success and failure status codes, along with other specialized return types.

• Generic Version: The ActionResult<T> is a generic subclass of ActionResult. It is commonly used in Web API controllers to represent a result that may or may not contain a value (like returning an object or a 404 response, for example).

• Usage: ActionResult is used when you want to return a more specific type of result (for instance, ViewResult, RedirectResult, etc.) but still maintain flexibility in the return type.

Example:

public ActionResult Index()
{
    return View();
}

• Explanation: In this example, Index() returns a ViewResult, which is an implementation of the ActionResult class. The ActionResult class can also return other types of results, but using ActionResult here provides the flexibility to change the result type without changing the method signature.

---

3. Key Differences

Feature	IActionResult	ActionResult
Type	Interface	Concrete class (derived from IActionResult)
Usage	Provides flexibility to return any result that implements IActionResult (e.g., ViewResult, JsonResult, etc.).	Provides a concrete base class that covers most common action results.
Inheritance	IActionResult is an interface.	ActionResult is a class that implements IActionResult.
Flexibility	Can be used when you want to explicitly return multiple types of action results without specifying a base class.	Typically used when you want to simplify action result types in MVC controllers.
Generic Version	No generic version of IActionResult.	ActionResult<T> is the generic version for API responses.
Typical Use	More abstract; used when defining a wide range of possible result types.	More concrete and commonly used for returning specific results (like ViewResult, RedirectResult, etc.).
Example Use Case	Used for maximum flexibility in the return type of action methods.	Used when you want to work with a common base class or need to return specific result types.

---

4. When to Use IActionResult vs ActionResult

• Use IActionResult:
  When you want maximum flexibility and don’t need to return a specific result type. It’s ideal when you want your method to be able to return multiple different action result types and you want to define more abstract return types.

• Use ActionResult:
  When you want to return a common result type (like ViewResult, RedirectResult, JsonResult, etc.) and simplify your action method’s return type. It’s useful when you don’t need the full flexibility of IActionResult and when working with concrete return types is sufficient.

---

5. Example: IActionResult vs ActionResult

Using IActionResult:

public IActionResult GetItem(int id)
{
    var item = _itemRepository.GetItem(id);
    if (item == null)
    {
        return NotFound();
    }
    return Ok(item);
}

• Here, IActionResult is used because the action can return either a NotFoundResult or OkObjectResult depending on the situation.

Using ActionResult:

public ActionResult<string> GetMessage()
{
    return "Hello, World!";
}

• Here, ActionResult is used in a more concrete form to return either a string (with the status 200 OK) or other types of results. Using ActionResult<string> allows flexibility with the type while still representing a valid result.

---

Conclusion:

• IActionResult is an interface that defines the contract for action results in ASP.NET Core. It is more abstract and flexible, allowing action methods to return a wide variety of result types.

• ActionResult is a concrete class that implements IActionResult and is typically used when you want to return more specific action results, simplifying the code in most common scenarios. Additionally, ActionResult<T> is a generic version of the class used primarily for Web API controllers to return data with HTTP status codes.

Question: How do you implement authentication and authorization in ASP.NET Core?

Answer:

In ASP.NET Core, authentication and authorization are two crucial concepts for controlling access to your application. Authentication ensures that the user is who they claim to be, while authorization determines whether the authenticated user has the required permissions to access specific resources or perform certain actions.

ASP.NET Core provides several mechanisms to implement authentication and authorization. Here’s a breakdown of how you can implement them:

---

1. Authentication in ASP.NET Core

Authentication is the process of identifying a user. ASP.NET Core supports several authentication schemes, including:

• Cookies Authentication
• JWT (JSON Web Tokens) Authentication
• OAuth and OpenID Connect (for third-party authentication, such as with Google, Facebook, or Azure AD)

Steps to Implement Authentication in ASP.NET Core:

1. Configure Authentication Services:

   The first step is to add authentication services in the ConfigureServices method of Startup.cs (or Program.cs in .NET 6 and later).

   Example for Cookie Authentication:

   public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
   {
       // Add authentication services
       services.AddAuthentication(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
               .AddCookie(options =>
               {
                   options.LoginPath = "/Account/Login";   // Redirect to login if unauthenticated
                   options.AccessDeniedPath = "/Account/AccessDenied"; // Redirect on access denied
               });
   
       // Add MVC services
       services.AddControllersWithViews();
   }

   Example for JWT Authentication:

   public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
   {
       // Add JWT authentication
       services.AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
               .AddJwtBearer(options =>
               {
                   options.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters
                   {
                       ValidateIssuer = true,
                       ValidateAudience = true,
                       ValidateLifetime = true,
                       ValidIssuer = "your_issuer",
                       ValidAudience = "your_audience",
                       IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("your_secret_key"))
                   };
               });
   
       services.AddControllers();
   }

   • Cookie Authentication is typically used for MVC or Razor Pages applications.
   • JWT Authentication is commonly used for Web APIs.

2. Use Authentication Middleware:

   Add the authentication middleware in the Configure method of Startup.cs to enable the system to validate requests.

   public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
   {
       if (env.IsDevelopment())
       {
           app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
       }
       else
       {
           app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
           app.UseHsts();
       }
   
       app.UseHttpsRedirection();
       app.UseStaticFiles();
   
       app.UseRouting();
   
       // Use Authentication and Authorization Middleware
       app.UseAuthentication(); // Ensures authentication is applied before authorization
       app.UseAuthorization();  // Ensures authorization checks happen
   
       app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
       {
           endpoints.MapControllerRoute(
               name: "default",
               pattern: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
       });
   }

---

2. Authorization in ASP.NET Core

Authorization determines what an authenticated user can do. It’s typically based on the roles or claims associated with the user, which are verified after authentication.

Role-Based Authorization:

Role-based authorization allows you to assign roles to users and check those roles to grant or deny access to certain resources.

1. Configure Roles in the Application:

   Roles can be configured when setting up your user model. For example, if you’re using ASP.NET Core Identity, you can assign roles to a user upon registration.

   public class ApplicationUser : IdentityUser
   {
       // You can add custom properties for users if needed
   }

   After registering a user, you can assign them roles:

   public class SeedData
   {
       public static async Task Initialize(IServiceProvider serviceProvider, UserManager<ApplicationUser> userManager)
       {
           var roleManager = serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<RoleManager<IdentityRole>>();
           var user = await userManager.FindByEmailAsync("[email protected]");
   
           if (user == null)
           {
               var newUser = new ApplicationUser { UserName = "[email protected]", Email = "[email protected]" };
               var result = await userManager.CreateAsync(newUser, "Password123!");
   
               if (result.Succeeded)
               {
                   await userManager.AddToRoleAsync(newUser, "Admin");
               }
           }
       }
   }

2. Use Role-Based Authorization in Controllers or Actions:

   In your controller, you can use the [Authorize] attribute to restrict access based on roles.

   [Authorize(Roles = "Admin")]
   public IActionResult AdminPage()
   {
       return View();
   }

   This ensures that only users in the “Admin” role can access this action.

Policy-Based Authorization:

Policy-based authorization provides more flexibility by defining policies that encapsulate complex authorization logic. A policy can be based on claims, custom requirements, or any other logic.

1. Define a Policy:

   You can define policies in the ConfigureServices method of Startup.cs.

   public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
   {
       services.AddAuthorization(options =>
       {
           options.AddPolicy("RequireAdministratorRole", policy => policy.RequireRole("Admin"));
       });
   
       services.AddControllersWithViews();
   }

2. Use Policy-Based Authorization:

   In your controller, you can use the [Authorize] attribute with the policy name.

   [Authorize(Policy = "RequireAdministratorRole")]
   public IActionResult AdminPage()
   {
       return View();
   }

   This enforces that users need to satisfy the “RequireAdministratorRole” policy to access this action.

Claim-Based Authorization:

Claim-based authorization allows you to control access based on the user’s claims. Claims are key-value pairs that contain information about the user, such as their roles, permissions, or other custom data.

1. Define Claims During Authentication:

   When authenticating a user (especially in JWT or Identity-based authentication), you can issue claims.

   Example of adding claims during JWT authentication:

   var claims = new[]
   {
       new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, "John Doe"),
       new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, "Admin")
   };
   
   var claimsIdentity = new ClaimsIdentity(claims, "jwt");

2. Authorize Based on Claims:

   Use the [Authorize] attribute to check for specific claims.

   [Authorize(ClaimTypes.Role, "Admin")]
   public IActionResult AdminPage()
   {
       return View();
   }

   This ensures that only users with the Admin role claim can access the AdminPage action.

---

3. Common Authentication Scenarios in ASP.NET Core

• Forms Authentication (Cookie-based): Ideal for applications where users log in through a username and password.

• Bearer Token Authentication (JWT): Typically used for API-based applications, where the client sends a token (often a JWT) in the HTTP Authorization header for each request.

• External Authentication Providers: ASP.NET Core integrates with providers like Google, Facebook, and Microsoft using OAuth and OpenID Connect for external login.

  Example for Google Authentication:

  public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
  {
      services.AddAuthentication()
              .AddGoogle(options =>
              {
                  options.ClientId = Configuration["Google:ClientId"];
                  options.ClientSecret = Configuration["Google:ClientSecret"];
              });
  }

---

4. Secure Sensitive Data

• Use HTTPS (app.UseHttpsRedirection() in Startup.cs) to ensure secure communication.
• JWT Tokens should be signed and validated securely using a secret key (use a SymmetricSecurityKey or RSA keys).
• Use Identity or ASP.NET Core Identity for user management and password hashing.

---

Conclusion:

• Authentication in ASP.NET Core is the process of verifying the identity of a user. You can implement it using schemes like Cookies, JWT, and OAuth.
• Authorization is used to determine whether an authenticated user has the right permissions to access certain resources. This can be implemented using role-based, policy-based, or claim-based authorization strategies.
• ASP.NET Core provides built-in middleware for both authentication and authorization, making it flexible and extensible for different types of applications.

Question: What is Entity Framework Core and how does it integrate with ASP.NET Core?

Answer:

Entity Framework Core (EF Core) is a lightweight, extensible, and cross-platform Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) framework for .NET. It is the successor to Entity Framework and provides a powerful way to interact with databases using strongly typed objects, enabling developers to work with data in the form of .NET objects, rather than dealing with SQL queries directly.

EF Core supports multiple database providers such as SQL Server, PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite, and others, making it ideal for use in cross-platform applications.

---

1. Key Features of Entity Framework Core:

• Cross-Platform: EF Core is part of the .NET Core ecosystem, so it works across multiple platforms, including Windows, macOS, and Linux.
• LINQ Support: EF Core allows you to query databases using LINQ (Language Integrated Query), making database interactions more intuitive and type-safe.
• Migration Support: EF Core has built-in support for managing database schema changes with migrations.
• Change Tracking: EF Core automatically tracks changes made to entities (i.e., objects) and can generate the appropriate SQL commands to persist those changes to the database.
• Lazy Loading and Eager Loading: EF Core supports both lazy loading (loading related data only when accessed) and eager loading (loading related data as part of the query).
• NoSQL and In-Memory Database: EF Core also supports NoSQL databases and provides in-memory database capabilities for testing.

---

2. How Entity Framework Core Integrates with ASP.NET Core:

EF Core integrates seamlessly with ASP.NET Core applications, offering an efficient and clean approach for data access. The integration typically involves the following steps:

---

3. Setting Up EF Core in ASP.NET Core

1. Install EF Core NuGet Packages:

First, you need to install the necessary EF Core packages for your project. For example, to use SQL Server with EF Core, you would install the following package:

dotnet add package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer

If you’re using another database provider, you can install the corresponding package, such as Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Sqlite or Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Npgsql for PostgreSQL.

Additionally, for migration support, you would also install:

dotnet add package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools

2. Configure DbContext:

The DbContext class is the core component in EF Core, which represents a session with the database and provides methods for querying and saving data.

In your ASP.NET Core project, you typically define a DbContext class that represents your database schema.

Example of DbContext:

public class ApplicationDbContext : DbContext
{
    public ApplicationDbContext(DbContextOptions<ApplicationDbContext> options)
        : base(options) { }

    public DbSet<User> Users { get; set; }
    public DbSet<Product> Products { get; set; }
}

In this example, the DbContext is defined with DbSet<T> properties representing tables in the database.

3. Configure DbContext in Startup.cs (or Program.cs for .NET 6 and later):

To use the DbContext in ASP.NET Core, it needs to be registered in the Dependency Injection (DI) container in ConfigureServices method.

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    // Register the DbContext with a connection string
    services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options =>
        options.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection")));

    // Add services for MVC or API
    services.AddControllersWithViews();
}

Here, UseSqlServer is the extension method used to specify SQL Server as the database provider, and Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection") retrieves the connection string from the appsettings.json file.

4. Create the Database (Migration):

After setting up the DbContext, you can create the initial database schema by using EF Core Migrations. Migrations allow you to evolve the database schema over time as the application model changes.

To create the initial migration, run the following commands:

dotnet ef migrations add InitialCreate
dotnet ef database update

This will generate the necessary SQL commands to create the database schema based on your DbContext class.

---

4. Working with Data in ASP.NET Core Using EF Core:

1. Adding, Retrieving, Updating, and Deleting Data:

Once DbContext is set up, you can use it to interact with the database in a variety of ways:

• Adding Data:

public class UserService
{
    private readonly ApplicationDbContext _context;

    public UserService(ApplicationDbContext context)
    {
        _context = context;
    }

    public void AddUser(User user)
    {
        _context.Users.Add(user);
        _context.SaveChanges(); // Persist the changes to the database
    }
}

• Retrieving Data (Using LINQ):

public User GetUserById(int userId)
{
    return _context.Users.FirstOrDefault(u => u.Id == userId);
}

• Updating Data:

public void UpdateUser(User user)
{
    _context.Users.Update(user);
    _context.SaveChanges();
}

• Deleting Data:

public void DeleteUser(int userId)
{
    var user = _context.Users.Find(userId);
    if (user != null)
    {
        _context.Users.Remove(user);
        _context.SaveChanges();
    }
}

2. Handling Relationships (One-to-Many, Many-to-Many, etc.):

EF Core handles different types of relationships (one-to-many, many-to-many) through navigation properties in the model.

For example, a one-to-many relationship between User and Post:

public class User
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public List<Post> Posts { get; set; }
}

public class Post
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Title { get; set; }
    public int UserId { get; set; }
    public User User { get; set; }
}

EF Core will automatically generate the necessary foreign key constraints for the relationship.

3. Querying Data with LINQ:

EF Core supports LINQ queries to interact with the database, making querying data much easier:

public IEnumerable<User> GetUsersByName(string name)
{
    return _context.Users.Where(u => u.Name.Contains(name)).ToList();
}

You can also use eager loading (loading related entities in the same query) by using the Include method:

public IEnumerable<User> GetUsersWithPosts()
{
    return _context.Users.Include(u => u.Posts).ToList();
}

---

5. EF Core and Dependency Injection in ASP.NET Core:

Since ASP.NET Core is built around dependency injection (DI), you can inject the DbContext class into controllers or services, as shown earlier. This is beneficial because:

• It promotes testability, as you can easily mock the DbContext in unit tests.
• It provides better control over the lifetime of the DbContext (by default, it’s scoped to the request in ASP.NET Core).

Example of Controller with DbContext Injection:

public class UsersController : Controller
{
    private readonly ApplicationDbContext _context;

    public UsersController(ApplicationDbContext context)
    {
        _context = context;
    }

    public IActionResult Index()
    {
        var users = _context.Users.ToList();
        return View(users);
    }
}

In this example, the DbContext is injected into the controller via its constructor and used to query data from the database.

---

6. Database Seeding:

To populate the database with initial data, you can use database seeding. This is typically done in the Configure method of Startup.cs or via the OnModelCreating method of the DbContext.

Example of seeding data in Configure:

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, ApplicationDbContext context)
{
    if (env.IsDevelopment())
    {
        context.Database.Migrate();
        SeedData.Initialize(context);
    }
}

In SeedData.Initialize:

public static void Initialize(ApplicationDbContext context)
{
    if (!context.Users.Any())
    {
        context.Users.Add(new User { Name = "Admin" });
        context.SaveChanges();
    }
}

---

Conclusion:

Entity Framework Core (EF Core) is a powerful ORM for .NET Core applications, enabling developers to interact with relational databases using strongly typed objects and LINQ queries. It integrates with ASP.NET Core seamlessly by registering the DbContext in the DI container, managing database connections, and supporting database migrations. Whether you’re building web applications or APIs, EF Core simplifies data access, promotes maintainable code, and supports various advanced database features such as relationships, querying, and migrations.

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